Proper 20
Preaching
Lectionary Preaching Workbook - SERIES C
The Lessons
Hosea 11:1-11
Yahweh so loves his disobedient people that he cannot give them up to destruction. In one of the most moving passages in the Old Testament (Lesson 1), Israel is pictured as Yahweh's prodigal son. Hosea sees God and the nation as a loving father and his rebellious son. As a loving father Yahweh loves Israel when a child, brought him out of slavery in Egypt, and cared for him in the wilderness. He took his child in his arms, taught him to walk, and nurtured him. In spite of this, the son was stubborn and rebellious. In consequence, the grown child is subject to discipline by returning to captivity by Assyria. But the heart of God cries out for his Son and cannot give him up to slavery. Because he is God and not man, Yahweh continues to love him and promises to bring him back to his home. This never-dying love of Yahweh gives hope to the people for a new day.
Amos 8:4-7 (L, RC)
God promises never to forget the rich persons' oppression of the poor.
1 Timothy 2:1-7 (C)
1 Timothy 2:1-8 (L, RC)
Prayers for all people are acceptable to God who desires all to be saved.
Paul urges Timothy to offer prayers for all people, particularly for all rulers. To do so is good and acceptable to God who desires all people to be saved. We are to pray for our rulers so that they may give us law and order which are necessary for the church to flourish. As there is only one God, there is only one mediator who is Christ. He gave his life as a ransom for all people. To accomplish this Paul was appointed a preacher, apostle, and teacher of faith and truth.
Luke 16:1-13
The parable of the unjust steward. This parable is about a scoundrel who teaches us a lesson on the right use of wealth. Jesus teaches us that we should be as wise, resourceful, shrewd, and clever as the unjust steward in our handling of mammon (money, property). The right use of money can make for us friends in heaven. After the parable, we are told that if we are faithless in handling small sums of money, we will do the same with large amounts. Moreover, Jesus frankly says we cannot have two masters: God and money. The Chris-tian is master of his finances by putting them in the service of God.
Prayer of the Day
"Lord God, you call us to work in your vineyard and leave no one standing idle. Set us to our tasks in the work of your kingdom and help us to order our lives by your wisdom."
Hymn of the Day
"Father Eternal, Ruler of Creation"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 16:1-13.
1. Wasting (v. 1). The charge against the steward was that he was "wasting" his master's possessions. How serious is the offense of "wasting"? He did not steal nor lie. He just wasted his employer's goods. To waste is a serious crime. It means a loss for no good purpose. It is a sin to waste a mind by not providing an education. It is a sin to waste our bodies by excessive alcohol or drugs. At a time of world hunger, it is a crime to waste food.
2. Account (v. 2). The master calls upon the steward to give an account of his work and financial dealings. Much wrongdoing is done because we think we can get away with it and nobody will know about it. But there is always a reckoning day. Some day the truth of our sins will come out. The day of accountability is coming for every person. Each must stand before God and give an account of what each has done with one's life.
3. Commended (v. 9). Here is the surprise in the story. Instead of the dishonest steward hearing the riot act of condemnation, he is commended, praised, congratulated. Many wonder why Jesus would use a dishonest character to teach a truth. Why was he commended? He was resourceful and shrewd. He did his best in a bad situation. He made the best use of the funds for his welfare and security. Jesus urges us to emulate the unjust steward by wisely using our wealth for heavenly purposes.
Lesson 1: Hosea 11:1-11
1. Child (v. 1). The nation is seen here as a small child loved by his father. It is one of the most tender and touching scenes in the Bible. See the people of God as a little baby: naming, calling, holding in one's arms, teaching, and feeding him. God the Father expressed his love for his baby-people by caring for and raising them. The concept implies that as his small children we are helpless and dependent upon the Father's care, sustenance, and guidance.
2. Went (v. 2). Here we see the tragedy of unrequited love. God is desperate to love his people. Yet his people go away from him. They are disloyal by worshiping the Baals. They do not realize that God heals them and makes them whole and healthy. It is the tragedy of a good God and a bad people, a faithful Lord and a faithless people. In the cross we see the love of God at its pinnacle, but "Is it nothing to all you who pass by?" Here we see agape love - a love given to those not deserving it.
3. Up (v. 8). There are various ways to give. One is to give "up" on people, to cast them off, to break relationships, to destroy. God says because of his love, he cannot give up his people. They are precious to him. They are his people. Now we see another facet of his love - a faithful love in spite of faithlessness and disobedience. O wondrous love - amazing!
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 2:1-7
1. All (vv. 1, 4, 5). Universality is repeatedly emphasized in this pericope. Christianity is for all people. Prayers are to be offered for "all" persons from the top of kings to the bottom of the poorest. It is God's desire that "all" people are saved including communists and capitalists, atheists and agnostics. Christ's sacrifice was a ransom for "all" creatures. He died for the whole world of past, present, and future. For this to become a reality the church is given a mandate through evangelism and missions to preach the gospel to the whole creation.
2. Good (v. 3). Paul urges his spiritual son, Timothy, to pray for all people including our rulers. It is "good" to pray for them, because they need God's help in carrying out their heavy responsibilities to rule with justice. They need God's guidance in the crucial decisions authorities of the state must make. Even if they are evil rulers, it is good to pray for them that they may reform and turn from their tyrannical ways. When we pray for others, we are doing a "good" thing.
3. One (v. 5). While universality is being emphasized, we also have in this passage the truth about oneness. There is only "one" God. This means that there is no reality to any other god worshiped by others in various religions. Therefore, one religion is not as good as another. It depends on the god of the religion. At the same time Paul writes that there is only "one" mediator between the one God and people. According to Scripture, there is only one way to God. There is only one person who can reconcile us to God. That one person is Jesus. While other religions may have philosophical insights and noble ethical principles, they cannot save. Hence we proclaim, "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and you shall be saved."
Preaching Possibilities
Gospel:
Luke 16:1-13.
1. What to do with Your Money
Need: It is no easy task to decide what to do with your money. The first reaction to the title may be, "Nobody needs to tell me what to do with my money." But, how shall we spend our money? Shall it be spent or invested? If so, how much? Does a Christian handle his money differently from a non-Christian? If so, How? Does Jesus have anything to say about a practical, down-to-earth problem such as this? Most people do not know what to do with their money, if they have any. As a result, it may be lost, wasted, or spent unwisely.
Outline: What Jesus tells us to do with our money.
a. Make provision for the future - v. 3. The unjust steward was concerned about his future. He used money to provide a place to live. It is Christian to look ahead and make provision for future needs: education, illness, retirement.
b. Make friends with it - v. 9. By the right use of money, you can make friends for God.
c. Be honest in handling money - v. 10.
d. Make money a servant of God - v. 13.
2. What You Can Learnfrom a Crook. 16.8
Need: Jesus used a crook, the unjust steward, to teach us a lesson about money. He, of course, did not suggest we imitate the crook, but he points to a principle involved. The crook was prudent and shrewd in using money to get security. Jesus is asking Christians to be as wise as "the sons of the world."
Outline: A crook says, Be shrewd
a. In spending your money:
1. Don't waste money: tobacco, liquor, pets, drugs, entertainment.
2. Don't gamble your money away.
3. Don't go in debt - spending more than you have.
b. In saving your money:
1. Save by buying only essentials.
2. Save by buying quality products at the lowest price.
3. Save habitually for tomorrow's needs.
3. A Saint and His Money. 16:10-13
Need: People need guidance on how to handle their money. Is it a virtue to be poor and a sin to be rich? Should a Christian despise money? Isn't the love of money the root of all evil? In the text Jesus has advice about money. He says that money can be your god. For a disciple this is an impossible situation, for no one can serve two gods. Should a Christian then not strive to accumulate possessions? Where do you draw the line that money will not be in reality your god? John Wesley gives the outline below which answers these questions.
Outline: Wesley suggests a Christian should
a. Get all the money you can.
b. Save all the money you can.
c. Give all the money you can.
Lesson 1: Hosea 11:1-11.
1. If God Were Man. 11:9
Need: Thank God that God is God and not man. We may at times become angry with God for not being like a human. We ask "Why?" because as people we would not treat others as we think God treats us. On the other hand, we can be glad God is not man because if he were like us, we would be condemned.
Outline: In the light of humanity's sin -
a. If God were man, he would -
1. Seek revenge - v. 2
2. Send reprisals - v. 9
3. Suffocate us by death and destruction - v. 9
b. Because God is not man, he -
1. Loves humanity - vv. 1, 4, 8
2. Forgives humanity - v. 8
3. Is faithful to humanity - v. 8
2. God Is So Good! 11:1-4, 8-9.
Need: We often forget how good God is to us. There is a popular tendency to take God's blessings for granted. When we consider Hosea's description of God, it is unbelievable that he could be so good to us sinners who in no way deserve such gracious treatment.
Outline: How good of God -
a. He loves us - v. 1
b. He heals us - v. 3
c. He teaches us - v. 3
d. He feeds us - v. 4
Lesson 1: Amos 8:4-7
The Filthy Rich
Need: Does it matter how we get our money? Should a Christian be glad for his money and not ask questions how it was made? Can a Christian in good conscience accept money derived from pornography, prostitution, alcohol or traffic in drugs? Should the church have investments in countries where civil rights are denied? In Amos' day the people are rich for the wrong reasons. Today people are still getting rich by similar wicked methods. We still live in a world where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. What is the answer to this? Can anything be done? Has the church anything to say? The text is the church's answer.
Outline: The kind of wealth God condemns.
a. Greed - v. 5a. They cannot wait for the holy days to be over that they can make more money. Compare today's commercialization of holy days: Sunday, Christmas, Easter.
b. Dishonesty - v. 6a. Short weights; today's false advertising.
c. Enslaving people - v. 6a. Today we are making people slaves to debt by over-purchasing.
d. Inferior products - v. 6b. "Refuse of the wheat;" compare today's scandal of overseas' shipment of dirty wheat.
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 2:1-7.
1. The Hands of Prayer. 2:1, 2, 8
Need: Most of us are familiar with the "Praying Hands" of Durer. In this text Paul talks about the hands of prayer. In recent years, there is a growing practice in some churches for people to raise their hands while praying, or some pastors hold out their hands with upraised palms when leading in prayer. In this Lesson Paul urges us to pray for all people, especially those in high positions, that we may have that kind of world in which the gospel can flourish.
Outline: Consider your hands of prayer
a. Lifted hands - lifted up to the Source of our help.
b. Open hands - opened by faith to receive what we pray for.
c. Holy hands - free from hatred and anger; filled with forgiving love.
2. A Better World Through Prayer. 2:1-5
Need: Christians become righteously indignant at the economic and political abuses in our society. When it comes to a solution, we realize that it depends on more than one person's efforts or one congregation's response to correct the gargantuan situation. The problem is national or international in scope. We know that we cannot have a Christian society unless society is amenable to Christian principles. Thus, Paul urges us to pray for our leaders that we may have a society where there are peace and righteousness.
Outline: For a better world -
a. Pray for our secular leaders - v. 2a
b. Pray for a good society - 2b
c. Pray for all to come to God through Christ - v. 3
PROPER 21
September 25 - October 1
Common
PENTECOST 19
Lutheran
ORDINARY TIME 26
Roman Catholic
The Lessons
Joel 2:23-30
After the plague of locusts Yahweh will bless the land with plenty and his spirit. Today's Lesson 1 is taken from the latest of the prophetic hooks written in the post-exilic period around 400-350 B.C. Judah experienced a plague of locusts accompanied by drought and famine. Joel calls upon the people to gather in Jerusalem to repent and pray for relief. Because the people obeyed, Joel assures them that Yahweh will give them plenty to make up for the years of drought. Never again will they be put to shame. But, something more terrible than locusts is coming: the Day of the Lord. Its nearness will be known when Yahweh pours out his spirit upon all citizens and will be accompanied by signs and wonders in the sky and on earth. The promise of the Spirit was fulfilled on Pentecost.
Amos 6:1-7 (L)
Woe to the affluent who have no concern for the nation. Amos 6:1, 4-7 (RC)
1 Timothy 6:6-19 (C)
1 Timothy 6:6-16 (L)
1 Timothy 6:11-16 (RC)
Timothy is urged to seek spiritual values rather than material gain.
Here we have a contrast between earthly and heavenly riches. The Lesson harmonizes with the Gospel's parable of Lazarus and Dives. Worldly riches are discussed before and after the admonition to pursue spiritual values - vv. 6-10, 17-19. The paragraph beginning with verse 16 is thought by some scholars to refer to Timothy's ordination. As a man of God he is to shun worldly goods for the riches of six different virtues. He is reminded of the good confession he made at his baptism similar to the good confession by Jesus to Pilate. Until Jesus comes, Timothy is charged to keep the commandment (which may have been his ordination charges) to aim at spiritual virtues, and to fight the good fight of faith.
Luke 16:19-31
The parable of Lazarus and Dives. This is an often misunderstood and misinterpreted parable. It is based on an oft-told folktale to declare that justice will be done in the next world. The parable does not deal with the oppression of the poor by the wealthy, or that in the next life the poor automatically go to heaven and the selfish rich go to hell. Usually this parable is related to the misuse or nonuse of wealth. Furthermore, the parable is not intended to describe the furniture nor conditions in the after-life. The point of the parable is in Dives' five brothers whom Dives wants warned that they do not land in hell with him. Jesus says that even if one would go to the brothers from the dead, they would not believe. They must hear and accept Moses and the prophets.
Prayer of the Day
"God of love, you know our frailties and failings. Give us your grace to overcome them; keep us from those things that harm us; and guide us in the way of salvation."
Hymn of the Day
"Oh, Praise the Lord, my Soul"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 16:19-31
1. Chasm (v. 26). Is it possible to repent or to get relief after death? Dives asked Abraham to send Lazarus to relieve his suffering in Hades. Abraham explained that it was not possible because of the non-crossable chasm between heaven and hell. Nowhere in the Bible does it say that one can repent after death and get a transfer from hell to heaven. One's eternal destiny is decided upon earth by what one does with the Savior. This gives an urgency to our appeal to accept Christ now.
2. Beg (v. 27). If Dives' condition could not be alleviated nor changed, Dives "begs" Abraham to send Lazarus to his five brothers still on earth so that they could be warned. Note how both men are beggars. Lazarus begged for food while at the gate of Dives' palace. Now Dives begs for his brothers' welfare. On earth Dives had no concern nor compassion for Lazarus, but now he is concerned about his brothers. Luther said we are all beggars for the Word. The point is whether we beg on earth or in Hades.
3. Hear (vv. 29, 31). Abraham refused to send Lazarus to Dives' five brothers. He explained that the brothers had Moses and the prophets. But Dives said that they would be convinced if one from the dead came to them. Abraham replied that even if one from the dead returned to warn them, they would not repent. The key to repentance is hearing the Word. It has the power af God's truth to con-vict hearers and create faith in Christ. It shows us the importance of preaching the Word.
Lesson 1: Joel 2:23-30
1. Glad (v. 23). Yahweh wants his people to be "glad." They have been through a plague of locusts, drought, and famine. They have had suffering and sorrow. The Lord has come to their relief. He promises to send them plenty of food and good weather, This is reason to rejoice and celebrate. God gives us reason to be happy. He sends blessings to us and for these good things we have reason to be glad. A true Christian who has experienced grace, forgiveness, and peace cannot be a sad sack.
2. Spirit (v. 28). God gives his spirit to whomever he wills. To receive the Spirit is not an act of the human will. Simon of Acts learned that the Spirit was not for sale. All we can do to get the Spirit is to be always in a state of preparedness and receptivity.
3. All (v. 28). The Spirit shows no partiality. "All" will receive the Spirit regardless of age, sex, or occupation. This means that every person can preach. Can we stand that much preaching or is this just a dream?
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 6:6-19
1. Contentment (v. 6). Contentment is the result of being content! If one is not content with present possessions, one will live for ever more and more money. Not to be content indicates covetousness. If one is not content with a job, it means one will be looking for another one, On the other hand, one dare not be content with one's life lest we become proud and smug. Progress and growth result from discontent with what we are and have. In spiritual riches we can be content. What more could we want than to have God as our Father and Jesus as our Savior?
2. Good Confession (vv. 12, 13). Paul refers to the "good confession" Timothy made. Bible scholars think the confession was made at his baptism, for in this period of church history, converts received adult baptism. If we were baptized as infants, the "good confession" was consciously made at Confirmation. Though it is not given in the passage, the "good confession" was probably the oldest and most basic confession of a convert: "Jesus Christ is Lord."
3. Immortality (v. 16). This verse claims that God is the only one who has "immortality." This is indeed true, for God by nature is immortal. He is from everlasting to everlasting. This is not the case with humans. It is a pagan philosophic idea that the soul of a human is inherently immortal. The Christian position is that by sin, by separation from God, the soul can die. In place of immortality Christians are given eternal life by faith in Christ.
Preaching Possibilities
A Preaching Problem
Since Christian preachers are ordained to preach the gospel, where is the gospel in today's lections? In Lesson 1 we are told that the locust plague is over and God will again bless his people with plenty and will send the Spirit prior to the end of the world. Lesson 2 urges us to seek spiritual values rather than material riches. In the gospel, Lazarus goes to heaven because he is poor and Dives goes to hell for not sharing with the poor on earth. To prevent going to hell we are to hear Moses and the prophets. How can we preach the gospel by using these lessons? To preach the gospel it will be necessary to interpret and use the passages in the light of Christ.
Gospel:
Luke 16:19-31.
1. Concern About the Unconcerned
Need: The root of the problem in the parable is how to get people like Dives to be concerned about the hungry, sick, and poor. The facts are there. Some have more than they need; others have only poverty. How can we get the rich to share with the poor? It does little good to describe Dives' wealth and Lazarus' plight. The need for this sermon is in motivating the affluent in the congregation to share with the less fortunate wherever they are.
Outline: How to get concerned
a. Fear the consequences of not caring - vv. 22-24. cf. Amos 6:7. Give or go to hell!
b. Love your brothers and sisters - v. 28. Consider all as brothers and sisters, especially those in need. Is it just if, in the world family, three are overfed and five are hungry?
c. Have a father-son/daughter relationship - vv. 24, 25. Dives refers to Abraham as his father and Abraham calls Dives "son." If God is our Father, we are his children. It is the Father's will that we care for the other members of his family.
d. Hear the Word - v. 31. The Word of God, the Bible - Law and Prophets - and the Incarnate Word in Jesus teach us to love one another by caring and sharing.
2. The Poverty of Abundance. 16:19-31
Need: In this parable we have a description of wealth and total depravity. This is a description of today's world. On the one hand is America's wealth giving us the highest standard of living in the history of the world. On the other hand, we have a third world of poverty and hunger. It could be that the so-called wealthy, either nation or individual, is really the poor man as was the case in the parable. Americans may be the richest on earth, but they can be suffering from the poverty of abundance.
Outline: Like Dives, you can be a poor rich man.
a. Dives had no name - v. 19. He was a nobody in spite of his wealth.
b. Dives had no concern for the poor - v. 20. He had no heart - no pity nor compassion.
c. Dives had no assets after death - v. 22. When he died, he left all behind.
d. Dives had no life - v. 23. He had nothing but torment and misery for eternity.
3. A Dialogue of the Dead. 16:19-31
Need: In the parable there is a unique conversation of the dead, Abraham and Dives. The dialogue tells us some important things about the dead. One is in hell and the other is in paradise. This dialogue can give us a perspective of eternity which can influence our earthly life.
Outline: What we learn from the dialogue of the dead.
a. The reality of a post-earthly existence - vv. 22-24. There is another world after death. It is an existence in heaven or hell. Moreover, like Abraham and Dives, people maintain their identity and recognize each other.
b. Hell is a hell of a place - vv. 22-24. Dives is in misery. He is suffering the fires of hell. He cries out for mercy, but none comes. Reason: a great gulf between the two which is uncrossable. The implication is: no repentance is possible after death.
c. The reason for going to hell - v. 25. Dives on earth had no concern for his needy fellowmen. This means he had no love for God or man. Hell is the place for the loveless, hard-hearted, and cruel.
d. Hell can be avoided - vv. 27-31. To cause us to repent and care for the poor depends not on a spectacular visitor from the dead but upon the Word of God. This gives another reason for the importance of church attendance where the Word is heard.
Lesson 1: Joel 2:23-30
1. You Can be Glad! 2:23-29
Need: Christians have reason to be the happiest people in the world. We can celebrate God's goodness toward us. God supplies our every need. Through Christ God made it possible for us to be forgiven. Through nature God continues year after year to give us the necessities of life. Since we have Christ, how much more than the people of Joel's day can we obey God's exhortation: "Be glad and rejoice"!
Outline: Rejoice in God, for -
a. God has given us abundant harvests - vv. 23-26
b. God is in our midst - v. 27
c. God promises to send his spirit on us all - vv. 28, 29
2. The Day Has Come! 2:28
Need: "It shall come to pass." The day has come to pass on Pentecost. It is celebrated as the day of the Spirit's coming to the church. This lection has a message for our people. It tells us two important truths about the Spirit our people need to hear. But for some the day may not yet have come. Let today be the day the promise is fulfilled.
Outline: What you need to know about the Spirit -
a. It is a gift - "I will pour out my spirit."
b. It is a gift for all - "upon all flesh."
Lesson 1: Amos 6:1-7
1. Eat, Drink, and Be Sorry!
Need: This lesson speaks to America's condition today. Like Israel of the eighth century B.C. , America is a people of ease, comfort, luxury, and affluence. It is a law of life that like causes produce like effects. America is in danger of the same fate as Israel: judgment, decline, and destruction. This sermon is needed to sound the alarm as a watchman in the night. Will America take heed?
Outline: Will History Repeat Itself?
a. Conditions of leisure and luxury - vv. 1-6a.
b. Unconcern for the future - v. 6b.
c. Warning of judgment - v. 7.
2. It Can 't Happen To Us! 6:3 - "O you who put far away the evil day."
Need: As a people today, we express our unconcern for the condition of the country as did the people in Amos' day. We refuse to see the eventual decline and doom resulting from our corrupt way of life. The view of many today is "While we have it, let's enjoy it. We may not have it tomorrow." We continue to waste energy in spite of the fact that the world's resources of oil and gas will someday be depleted. We squander and waste, ruin and ravage nature while we refuse to see the consequences for the next generation. The sermon is needed to show it can happen to us, and to persuade the people to change their ways before the day of grace is ended.
Outline: It can happen to us.
a. We have the same conditions - vv. 1-6
b. We have the same unconcern - v. 6b
c. We have the same threat - v. 7
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 6:6-19.
1. Did You Know You Were Ordained? 6:11-14
Need: Few church members know that they were ordained as Christians at their baptism. Lesson 2 refers to Timothy's ordination at baptism and the implications resulting from it. All true Christians are ordained to minister. Clergymen/women are ordained to serve through the Word and Sacraments.
Outline: As a Christian you were ordained
a. To confess the faith - v. 12
b. To fight for the faith - v. 12
c. To live the faith - vv. 11, 14
2. What Is Your Aim in Life? 6:11-14
Need: Every pastor knows countless people who have no aim in life, no purpose, no reason for living. Others have low aim, such as the massing of worldly possessions. Some aim to make as much money as possible, own at least one home, get a higher education, or climb the ladder of success. What is the aim of a true Christian? Our text gives the answer.
Outline: A Christian's aim in life
a. Seek the highest values - v. 11
b. Fight for the faith - v. 12
c. Keep the commandments - v. 14
PROPER 22
October 2-8
Common
PENTECOST 20
Lutheran
ORDINARY TIME 27
Roman Catholic
The Lessons
Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
Though Israel is guilty of social injustices, Yahweh will be gracious to her if she seeks the Lord and loves good. Amos urges Israel to seek life by seeking the Lord, hating evil, loving good, and establishing justice. Because of their sins, they will experience the fire of judgment. Their sins are of a social nature: the wealthy oppress the poor, afflict the righteous, and accept bribes. Amos calls upon the nation to repent by turning from evil and turning to Yahweh. Then it may be that Yahweh will be gracious to forgive and grant life.
Habakkuk 1:2-3, 2:2-4
2 Timothy 1:1-14 (C)
2 Timothy 1:3-14 (L)
2 Timothy 1:6-8, 13-14 (RC)
In a world of adversity a righteous one lives by faith.
As Paul declares that he is not ashamed of the Gospel, he urges Timothy not to be ashamed to testify to Christ.
Most Biblical scholars are agreed that the pastoral letters were written by a friend of Paul in the Pauline School for the generation of Christians following the Apostles. The letters reflect the new situation. Now the Spirit is received at Ordination with the laying on of hands. It is important for the new generation of pastors to preserve the tradition and witness to the Gospel in their world. An appeal is made for "sound words" to counteract the heresies of the day. Persecution is beginning and leaders are challenged to suffer and not be ashamed to stand firm for the Gospel.
Luke 17:5-10 (C, RC)
Luke 17:1-10 (L)
The Apostles request more faith and Jesus teaches that duty does not call for gratitude.
The gospel lesson consists of apparently two unrelated parts: vv. 5-6 and vv. 7-10. The first part concerns the request of the Disciples for more faith. Jesus does not tell them how to increase their faith but describes the power of faith. The second part deals with the expression of faith in terms of good works or service. When out of faith we serve the Master, we do not merit or deserve thanks or any reward, because it is the duty of a slave to serve the master.
Prayer of the Day
"Our Lord Jesus, you have endured the doubts and foolish questions of every generation. Forgive us for trying to be judge over you and grant us the confident faith to acknowledge you as Lord."
Hymn of the Day
"O Jesus, I have Promised"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 17:5-10
1. Increase (v. 5). The Disciples, like all of us, acknowledge that we have some faith and realize the need of more. We are like the father of the epileptic at the base of Mount Transfiguration when he said, "I believe; help my unbelief." We need to increase faith because faith has various ascending degrees: assent, trust, and action. Moreover, we cannot increase our faith, because it is not a human achievement but is a gift of the Spirit. Rightly, therefore, we need to request an increase in faith.
2. Obey (v. 6). When a command is given in faith, miracles like a tree removed from land to the sea, take place. Jesus is telling us about the power of faith. All things are possible to those who believe not in themselves but in God. It is not faith that does it but the God in whom we believe. Thus we sing, "Only believe."
3. Duty (v. 10). To thank a person for service rendered is not always appropriate according to this teaching of Jesus. Nor is it always appropriate for us to expect thanks for service rendered. A slave has the duty to obey and serve the master and the slave has no right to expect the master to prepare and serve a meal for him/her as a reward for obeying the command to work. Christians are slaves of the Master who has commanded us to work in his vineyard. We have no right to expect a reward or recognition for doing our duty. We should not expect to be thanked or given a dinner of appreciation for Christian service.
Lesson 1: Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
1. Seek (vv. 6, 14). Through Amos, Yahweh calls upon his people to seek the Lord and to seek good. This is one half of the story. We need not seek God, for he is not lost. People are lost and God, like a shepherd, seeks the lost sheep. While it is true that God seeks people, it is necessary at the same time for people to seek God. If they do not, God can be seeking humanity but people can reject and run away from God. To seek God is to want him. As the Bible says, "Draw nigh to God and he will draw nigh to you."
2. Live (vv. 6, 14). Yahweh wants people to seek him and good that they might live. Are they not living at the present time? Obviously Yahweh refers to a life beyond living. There is more to life than eating, drinking, and sleeping. Note that God wants his people to have life - the fulness of life, the abundant life. God is for us. He wants us to get the most out of life. He does not desire the death of a sinner. Christ said that he came to earth to give life.
3. May (v. 15). If the people turn from their evil ways and seek God and good, "it may be that the Lord ... will be gracious." It sounds as though Amos is holding out a provisional hope of forgiveness and reconciliation with God. Surely God is ready at all times to forgive. On the human side, there is a condition. God stands ready to forgive, but he cannot forgive until his people want and accept his mercy by repentance and faith.
Lesson 2: 2 Timothy 1:1-14
1. Remember (v. 3). There is much in the past that must never be forgotten. Those who forget the lessons of the past are doomed to repeat the mistakes. Paul is about to finish his ministry and he is writing to one in the early part of his ministry. Thus, Paul wants Timothy to remember as he remembers. Paul remembers Timothy in his prayers, Timothy's tears at their parting, and Timothy's faith. At the same time Paul wants Timothy to remember his ordination, the gospel story, and Paul's sound words of the gospel truth. There is so much to remember and it is so easy to forget.
2. Rekindle (v. 6). Paul asks Timothy to "rekindle" the gift he received at his ordination into the ministry. The gift received was the Holy Spirit. It was received by Paul's laying on of his hands. The fact is that the Holy Spirit like a fire can cool off and die out. As the Spirit can come, it can also go from us. The fire of the Spirit needs to be rekindled, renewed, and fed over and over. A fire must be fed or it will burn out. The Spirit may make us burn up with zeal but he will not cause burn-out.
3. Ashamed (vv. 8, 12).Again Paul uses himself as an example for his spiritual son, Timothy. He is not "ashamed" of the gospel because he had to suffer for it. He exhorts Timothy not to be ashamed because he, too, may suffer for the gospel. When all goes well, when we have success, when it gives us status and honor to be Christians, we are proud and glad to say we belong to and follow Christ. Would we feel the same if for being Christian, we are deprived of our property, our citizenship, and our well-being? Are we ashamed when we are in a non-Christian crowd to admit we go to church, or to pray publicly in Jesus' name, or to speak about Jesus?
Preaching Possibilities
Three Lessons
Amos 5:6-7, 10-15; 2 Timothy 1:1-14; Luke 17:5-10
Have Faith!
Need: The world wants to believe in something. It is a world of disillusionment - those we believe in have let us down. We once believed in a war to end war; we don't believe that now. Once we believed in automatic progress - we are getting better and better year after year; we don't believe this anymore. We believed once in our leaders and now we are disappointed in them: An American president and vice president were forced to resign for moral reasons. Can we believe in God and not be disillusioned?
Outline: The kind of faith we want -
a. A real faith - what happens when we lose faith - Lesson 1 (v. 12)
b. Keep the faith - Lesson 2 (v. 5)
c. Increase your faith - Gospel (v. 5)
Gospel:
Luke 17:5-10
1. What Faith Can Do for You. 17:5-10
Need: Faith is a practical thing in a Christian's daily life. Does the common man know this? Is faith for him only a creed? Could faith be something for preachers only? This sermon is to show the average person that faith is meaningful in the day-to-day life of a Christian. Note that this gospel lesson on faith is addressed to the Disciples, men of faith in Christ. Jesus is teaching them the implications or responsibilities of faith.
Outline: What faith can do for you -
a. Perform wonders in your life - vv. 3, 4
b. Motivate you to serve with no desire for reward - vv. 7-10
2. A Little is a Lot! 17:5-6
Need: Here is an eye-opener for some! Like the disciples, many of us are eager for a larger portion of faith - the faith to guide people aright, faith to forgive, faith to serve just for the privilege. As we face the tough issues of life, we cry out for more faith. No one can honestly say, "I have all the faith in the world." If we really have faith, do we need more? Jesus in this text corrects the disciples' desire for more faith. He says the quantity or degree of faith does not matter. It is sufficient just to have faith. The parable of the mustard seed emphasizes that the smallest amount of faith can do wonders. The admonition of this sermon is "Have faith," not "Have more faith."
Outline: A little faith is a lot.
a. The fact of faith - you do or you do not have faith - v. 5
b. The quantity of faith - more or less of faith is not the problem - v. 6a
c. The power of faith - faith of any size does wonders - v. 6b
3. A God of No Thank You. 17:7-10
Need: Our churches have many members who serve for rewards. Accidentally leave out a name of those to be thanked, and you are in trouble! We seem to want some "pay" for the service we render: recognition, thanks, publicity, praise. How many church members would serve if you told them "There will be no pay, no reward, not even thanks?" That is exactly what Jesus is teaching in this parable. What a disciple does deserves no praise or thanks, because this is what is expected of a Christian. It is his duty to serve. Recently Ann Landers made a trip to China. Upon her return, she told of the fine service rendered by various Chinese servants. When they were complimented, the Chinese replied, "We have only done what was our duty." Christian, what do you do more than others?
Outline: God gives no thanks for service rendered.
a. Whom do we serve - the Master? v. 7
b. Who are we - servants (slaves)? v. 9
c. What is our part - "our duty"? v. 10
Lesson 1: Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
1. You Can Go to Hell for Money! 5:10-15
Need: The love of money, Paul says, is the root of all evil. This love of money results in wickedness, and hell is the place for unrepentant sinners. The love of money causes people to steal, murder, cheat, lie, and accept bribes. According to this lection, God will bring doom upon this kind of society. (v. 6). Today's society is money-starved and crazy. This sermon, in the spirit of Amos, should thunder with the justice of God and appeal for social justice.
Outline: Love of money causes you to -
a. Hate the honest person - v. 10
b. Steal from the poor - v. 11
c. Accept bribes - v. 12
2. If You Want to Live. 5:6-7, 10-15
Need: Who doesn't want to live? God also wants you to live. It is a life that is more than physical breathing. It is a life of quality, purpose, and meaning. We are seekers after this kind of life. The text tells us how we can find it.
Outline: If you want to live -
a. Seek the Lord - v. 6
b. Love the good - v. 15
c. Accept God's mercy - v. 15
Lesson 1: Habakkuk 1:1-3, 2:1-4
1. Waiting for God or Godot?
Need: This lesson brings up the perennial problem: why does God permit evil to thrive in the world? When a Christian cries for help in distress, why does he not get an immediate answer? Why doesn't God do something about what Habbakuk experienced? - "violence," "wrongs," "trouble," "destruction," "strife and contention." The answer Habbakuk received: Wait for the Lord and he shall bring it to pass. The righteous waits for God to make things right, to come to the rescue because he has faith in God's character. The world seems to be waiting for Godot who, in the play, never comes. Christians by faith know God is coming eventually to save. We need faith to wait for God.
Outline: Why we wait for God.
a. Because God promised he would come
b. Because God is faithful to his people
c. Because we trust in God
2. God can be Trusted. 1:2-3, 2:2-4
Need: A Christian has at least one absolute. He believes that God can be trusted. It is doubtful if any other person can be trusted. A true Christian learns that God is trustworthy from his own life's experiences. In a world where we no longer trust governmental leaders, corporations' advertising, and even the loyalty of friends, we need to be assured that God can be trusted. This was the lesson Habbakuk learned in our text.
Outline: God can be trusted.
a. Though God is silent to our pleas - vv. 1:2-3
b. To deliver us from the world's worst - vv. 2:2-4
Lesson 2: 2 Timothy 1:1-14
Possible Sermon Series on 2 Timothy
Today and for the next three Sundays the Second Lesson will be taken from 2 Timothy. It gives a preacher an opportunity to preach a book sermon.
Theme: Questions Answered for You
Pentecost 20 - 2 Timothy 1:1-14 - Ashamed of the Gospel?
Pentecost 21 - 2 Timothy 2:8-15 - What is Your Gospel?
Pentecost 22 - 2 Timothy 3:14--14:5 - What Good is the Bible?
Pentecost 23 - 2 Timothy 4:6-8, 16-18 - Will You Wear a Crown?
1. Keep the Faith! 1:3-4
Need: We may not be able to fall from grace but surely we can lose the faith. It happens every day. The loss of faith is seen in a decline in church membership, a fall-off of church attendance, in the popularity of radical sects, and the secularization of society. According to scholars 2 Timothy was written one or two generations after Paul when faith became traditional and zeal burned low. This sermon is needed to stir up faith in Christ in our time, to make it come alive again as a force for good in church and world. As we go through life and as the years pass, we need to be exhorted to keep the faith vibrant.
Outline: Keep the faith -
a. Continue the faith of your forefathers - v. 5
b. Hold fast to your faith in times of suffering - v. 8
c. Guard the faith from false teachers - vv. 13, 14
2. Measuring Up to God's Expectations. 1:3-14
Need: "How can I measure up to what is expected of me? The demands of being a Christian are more than I can handle." In reply to this general comment, God does not expect more of us than we can do or have. To whom much or little is given much or little is required. In this text we may feel frustrated when we see what Christians ought to be and do, but we need to see also what God has given us that we can fulfill his expectations.
Outline: To whom much is given and required -
a. What we have going for us -
1. Paul's confidence - v. 4
2. Family background of faith - v. 5
3. Gift of the Spirit at ordination - v. 6
b. What is expected of us -
1. Rekindle the Spirit - v. 6
2. Overcome timidity with courage - v. 7
3. Suffer for Christ - v. 8
4. Guard the truth - v. 14
Hosea 11:1-11
Yahweh so loves his disobedient people that he cannot give them up to destruction. In one of the most moving passages in the Old Testament (Lesson 1), Israel is pictured as Yahweh's prodigal son. Hosea sees God and the nation as a loving father and his rebellious son. As a loving father Yahweh loves Israel when a child, brought him out of slavery in Egypt, and cared for him in the wilderness. He took his child in his arms, taught him to walk, and nurtured him. In spite of this, the son was stubborn and rebellious. In consequence, the grown child is subject to discipline by returning to captivity by Assyria. But the heart of God cries out for his Son and cannot give him up to slavery. Because he is God and not man, Yahweh continues to love him and promises to bring him back to his home. This never-dying love of Yahweh gives hope to the people for a new day.
Amos 8:4-7 (L, RC)
God promises never to forget the rich persons' oppression of the poor.
1 Timothy 2:1-7 (C)
1 Timothy 2:1-8 (L, RC)
Prayers for all people are acceptable to God who desires all to be saved.
Paul urges Timothy to offer prayers for all people, particularly for all rulers. To do so is good and acceptable to God who desires all people to be saved. We are to pray for our rulers so that they may give us law and order which are necessary for the church to flourish. As there is only one God, there is only one mediator who is Christ. He gave his life as a ransom for all people. To accomplish this Paul was appointed a preacher, apostle, and teacher of faith and truth.
Luke 16:1-13
The parable of the unjust steward. This parable is about a scoundrel who teaches us a lesson on the right use of wealth. Jesus teaches us that we should be as wise, resourceful, shrewd, and clever as the unjust steward in our handling of mammon (money, property). The right use of money can make for us friends in heaven. After the parable, we are told that if we are faithless in handling small sums of money, we will do the same with large amounts. Moreover, Jesus frankly says we cannot have two masters: God and money. The Chris-tian is master of his finances by putting them in the service of God.
Prayer of the Day
"Lord God, you call us to work in your vineyard and leave no one standing idle. Set us to our tasks in the work of your kingdom and help us to order our lives by your wisdom."
Hymn of the Day
"Father Eternal, Ruler of Creation"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 16:1-13.
1. Wasting (v. 1). The charge against the steward was that he was "wasting" his master's possessions. How serious is the offense of "wasting"? He did not steal nor lie. He just wasted his employer's goods. To waste is a serious crime. It means a loss for no good purpose. It is a sin to waste a mind by not providing an education. It is a sin to waste our bodies by excessive alcohol or drugs. At a time of world hunger, it is a crime to waste food.
2. Account (v. 2). The master calls upon the steward to give an account of his work and financial dealings. Much wrongdoing is done because we think we can get away with it and nobody will know about it. But there is always a reckoning day. Some day the truth of our sins will come out. The day of accountability is coming for every person. Each must stand before God and give an account of what each has done with one's life.
3. Commended (v. 9). Here is the surprise in the story. Instead of the dishonest steward hearing the riot act of condemnation, he is commended, praised, congratulated. Many wonder why Jesus would use a dishonest character to teach a truth. Why was he commended? He was resourceful and shrewd. He did his best in a bad situation. He made the best use of the funds for his welfare and security. Jesus urges us to emulate the unjust steward by wisely using our wealth for heavenly purposes.
Lesson 1: Hosea 11:1-11
1. Child (v. 1). The nation is seen here as a small child loved by his father. It is one of the most tender and touching scenes in the Bible. See the people of God as a little baby: naming, calling, holding in one's arms, teaching, and feeding him. God the Father expressed his love for his baby-people by caring for and raising them. The concept implies that as his small children we are helpless and dependent upon the Father's care, sustenance, and guidance.
2. Went (v. 2). Here we see the tragedy of unrequited love. God is desperate to love his people. Yet his people go away from him. They are disloyal by worshiping the Baals. They do not realize that God heals them and makes them whole and healthy. It is the tragedy of a good God and a bad people, a faithful Lord and a faithless people. In the cross we see the love of God at its pinnacle, but "Is it nothing to all you who pass by?" Here we see agape love - a love given to those not deserving it.
3. Up (v. 8). There are various ways to give. One is to give "up" on people, to cast them off, to break relationships, to destroy. God says because of his love, he cannot give up his people. They are precious to him. They are his people. Now we see another facet of his love - a faithful love in spite of faithlessness and disobedience. O wondrous love - amazing!
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 2:1-7
1. All (vv. 1, 4, 5). Universality is repeatedly emphasized in this pericope. Christianity is for all people. Prayers are to be offered for "all" persons from the top of kings to the bottom of the poorest. It is God's desire that "all" people are saved including communists and capitalists, atheists and agnostics. Christ's sacrifice was a ransom for "all" creatures. He died for the whole world of past, present, and future. For this to become a reality the church is given a mandate through evangelism and missions to preach the gospel to the whole creation.
2. Good (v. 3). Paul urges his spiritual son, Timothy, to pray for all people including our rulers. It is "good" to pray for them, because they need God's help in carrying out their heavy responsibilities to rule with justice. They need God's guidance in the crucial decisions authorities of the state must make. Even if they are evil rulers, it is good to pray for them that they may reform and turn from their tyrannical ways. When we pray for others, we are doing a "good" thing.
3. One (v. 5). While universality is being emphasized, we also have in this passage the truth about oneness. There is only "one" God. This means that there is no reality to any other god worshiped by others in various religions. Therefore, one religion is not as good as another. It depends on the god of the religion. At the same time Paul writes that there is only "one" mediator between the one God and people. According to Scripture, there is only one way to God. There is only one person who can reconcile us to God. That one person is Jesus. While other religions may have philosophical insights and noble ethical principles, they cannot save. Hence we proclaim, "Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and you shall be saved."
Preaching Possibilities
Gospel:
Luke 16:1-13.
1. What to do with Your Money
Need: It is no easy task to decide what to do with your money. The first reaction to the title may be, "Nobody needs to tell me what to do with my money." But, how shall we spend our money? Shall it be spent or invested? If so, how much? Does a Christian handle his money differently from a non-Christian? If so, How? Does Jesus have anything to say about a practical, down-to-earth problem such as this? Most people do not know what to do with their money, if they have any. As a result, it may be lost, wasted, or spent unwisely.
Outline: What Jesus tells us to do with our money.
a. Make provision for the future - v. 3. The unjust steward was concerned about his future. He used money to provide a place to live. It is Christian to look ahead and make provision for future needs: education, illness, retirement.
b. Make friends with it - v. 9. By the right use of money, you can make friends for God.
c. Be honest in handling money - v. 10.
d. Make money a servant of God - v. 13.
2. What You Can Learnfrom a Crook. 16.8
Need: Jesus used a crook, the unjust steward, to teach us a lesson about money. He, of course, did not suggest we imitate the crook, but he points to a principle involved. The crook was prudent and shrewd in using money to get security. Jesus is asking Christians to be as wise as "the sons of the world."
Outline: A crook says, Be shrewd
a. In spending your money:
1. Don't waste money: tobacco, liquor, pets, drugs, entertainment.
2. Don't gamble your money away.
3. Don't go in debt - spending more than you have.
b. In saving your money:
1. Save by buying only essentials.
2. Save by buying quality products at the lowest price.
3. Save habitually for tomorrow's needs.
3. A Saint and His Money. 16:10-13
Need: People need guidance on how to handle their money. Is it a virtue to be poor and a sin to be rich? Should a Christian despise money? Isn't the love of money the root of all evil? In the text Jesus has advice about money. He says that money can be your god. For a disciple this is an impossible situation, for no one can serve two gods. Should a Christian then not strive to accumulate possessions? Where do you draw the line that money will not be in reality your god? John Wesley gives the outline below which answers these questions.
Outline: Wesley suggests a Christian should
a. Get all the money you can.
b. Save all the money you can.
c. Give all the money you can.
Lesson 1: Hosea 11:1-11.
1. If God Were Man. 11:9
Need: Thank God that God is God and not man. We may at times become angry with God for not being like a human. We ask "Why?" because as people we would not treat others as we think God treats us. On the other hand, we can be glad God is not man because if he were like us, we would be condemned.
Outline: In the light of humanity's sin -
a. If God were man, he would -
1. Seek revenge - v. 2
2. Send reprisals - v. 9
3. Suffocate us by death and destruction - v. 9
b. Because God is not man, he -
1. Loves humanity - vv. 1, 4, 8
2. Forgives humanity - v. 8
3. Is faithful to humanity - v. 8
2. God Is So Good! 11:1-4, 8-9.
Need: We often forget how good God is to us. There is a popular tendency to take God's blessings for granted. When we consider Hosea's description of God, it is unbelievable that he could be so good to us sinners who in no way deserve such gracious treatment.
Outline: How good of God -
a. He loves us - v. 1
b. He heals us - v. 3
c. He teaches us - v. 3
d. He feeds us - v. 4
Lesson 1: Amos 8:4-7
The Filthy Rich
Need: Does it matter how we get our money? Should a Christian be glad for his money and not ask questions how it was made? Can a Christian in good conscience accept money derived from pornography, prostitution, alcohol or traffic in drugs? Should the church have investments in countries where civil rights are denied? In Amos' day the people are rich for the wrong reasons. Today people are still getting rich by similar wicked methods. We still live in a world where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. What is the answer to this? Can anything be done? Has the church anything to say? The text is the church's answer.
Outline: The kind of wealth God condemns.
a. Greed - v. 5a. They cannot wait for the holy days to be over that they can make more money. Compare today's commercialization of holy days: Sunday, Christmas, Easter.
b. Dishonesty - v. 6a. Short weights; today's false advertising.
c. Enslaving people - v. 6a. Today we are making people slaves to debt by over-purchasing.
d. Inferior products - v. 6b. "Refuse of the wheat;" compare today's scandal of overseas' shipment of dirty wheat.
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 2:1-7.
1. The Hands of Prayer. 2:1, 2, 8
Need: Most of us are familiar with the "Praying Hands" of Durer. In this text Paul talks about the hands of prayer. In recent years, there is a growing practice in some churches for people to raise their hands while praying, or some pastors hold out their hands with upraised palms when leading in prayer. In this Lesson Paul urges us to pray for all people, especially those in high positions, that we may have that kind of world in which the gospel can flourish.
Outline: Consider your hands of prayer
a. Lifted hands - lifted up to the Source of our help.
b. Open hands - opened by faith to receive what we pray for.
c. Holy hands - free from hatred and anger; filled with forgiving love.
2. A Better World Through Prayer. 2:1-5
Need: Christians become righteously indignant at the economic and political abuses in our society. When it comes to a solution, we realize that it depends on more than one person's efforts or one congregation's response to correct the gargantuan situation. The problem is national or international in scope. We know that we cannot have a Christian society unless society is amenable to Christian principles. Thus, Paul urges us to pray for our leaders that we may have a society where there are peace and righteousness.
Outline: For a better world -
a. Pray for our secular leaders - v. 2a
b. Pray for a good society - 2b
c. Pray for all to come to God through Christ - v. 3
PROPER 21
September 25 - October 1
Common
PENTECOST 19
Lutheran
ORDINARY TIME 26
Roman Catholic
The Lessons
Joel 2:23-30
After the plague of locusts Yahweh will bless the land with plenty and his spirit. Today's Lesson 1 is taken from the latest of the prophetic hooks written in the post-exilic period around 400-350 B.C. Judah experienced a plague of locusts accompanied by drought and famine. Joel calls upon the people to gather in Jerusalem to repent and pray for relief. Because the people obeyed, Joel assures them that Yahweh will give them plenty to make up for the years of drought. Never again will they be put to shame. But, something more terrible than locusts is coming: the Day of the Lord. Its nearness will be known when Yahweh pours out his spirit upon all citizens and will be accompanied by signs and wonders in the sky and on earth. The promise of the Spirit was fulfilled on Pentecost.
Amos 6:1-7 (L)
Woe to the affluent who have no concern for the nation. Amos 6:1, 4-7 (RC)
1 Timothy 6:6-19 (C)
1 Timothy 6:6-16 (L)
1 Timothy 6:11-16 (RC)
Timothy is urged to seek spiritual values rather than material gain.
Here we have a contrast between earthly and heavenly riches. The Lesson harmonizes with the Gospel's parable of Lazarus and Dives. Worldly riches are discussed before and after the admonition to pursue spiritual values - vv. 6-10, 17-19. The paragraph beginning with verse 16 is thought by some scholars to refer to Timothy's ordination. As a man of God he is to shun worldly goods for the riches of six different virtues. He is reminded of the good confession he made at his baptism similar to the good confession by Jesus to Pilate. Until Jesus comes, Timothy is charged to keep the commandment (which may have been his ordination charges) to aim at spiritual virtues, and to fight the good fight of faith.
Luke 16:19-31
The parable of Lazarus and Dives. This is an often misunderstood and misinterpreted parable. It is based on an oft-told folktale to declare that justice will be done in the next world. The parable does not deal with the oppression of the poor by the wealthy, or that in the next life the poor automatically go to heaven and the selfish rich go to hell. Usually this parable is related to the misuse or nonuse of wealth. Furthermore, the parable is not intended to describe the furniture nor conditions in the after-life. The point of the parable is in Dives' five brothers whom Dives wants warned that they do not land in hell with him. Jesus says that even if one would go to the brothers from the dead, they would not believe. They must hear and accept Moses and the prophets.
Prayer of the Day
"God of love, you know our frailties and failings. Give us your grace to overcome them; keep us from those things that harm us; and guide us in the way of salvation."
Hymn of the Day
"Oh, Praise the Lord, my Soul"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 16:19-31
1. Chasm (v. 26). Is it possible to repent or to get relief after death? Dives asked Abraham to send Lazarus to relieve his suffering in Hades. Abraham explained that it was not possible because of the non-crossable chasm between heaven and hell. Nowhere in the Bible does it say that one can repent after death and get a transfer from hell to heaven. One's eternal destiny is decided upon earth by what one does with the Savior. This gives an urgency to our appeal to accept Christ now.
2. Beg (v. 27). If Dives' condition could not be alleviated nor changed, Dives "begs" Abraham to send Lazarus to his five brothers still on earth so that they could be warned. Note how both men are beggars. Lazarus begged for food while at the gate of Dives' palace. Now Dives begs for his brothers' welfare. On earth Dives had no concern nor compassion for Lazarus, but now he is concerned about his brothers. Luther said we are all beggars for the Word. The point is whether we beg on earth or in Hades.
3. Hear (vv. 29, 31). Abraham refused to send Lazarus to Dives' five brothers. He explained that the brothers had Moses and the prophets. But Dives said that they would be convinced if one from the dead came to them. Abraham replied that even if one from the dead returned to warn them, they would not repent. The key to repentance is hearing the Word. It has the power af God's truth to con-vict hearers and create faith in Christ. It shows us the importance of preaching the Word.
Lesson 1: Joel 2:23-30
1. Glad (v. 23). Yahweh wants his people to be "glad." They have been through a plague of locusts, drought, and famine. They have had suffering and sorrow. The Lord has come to their relief. He promises to send them plenty of food and good weather, This is reason to rejoice and celebrate. God gives us reason to be happy. He sends blessings to us and for these good things we have reason to be glad. A true Christian who has experienced grace, forgiveness, and peace cannot be a sad sack.
2. Spirit (v. 28). God gives his spirit to whomever he wills. To receive the Spirit is not an act of the human will. Simon of Acts learned that the Spirit was not for sale. All we can do to get the Spirit is to be always in a state of preparedness and receptivity.
3. All (v. 28). The Spirit shows no partiality. "All" will receive the Spirit regardless of age, sex, or occupation. This means that every person can preach. Can we stand that much preaching or is this just a dream?
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 6:6-19
1. Contentment (v. 6). Contentment is the result of being content! If one is not content with present possessions, one will live for ever more and more money. Not to be content indicates covetousness. If one is not content with a job, it means one will be looking for another one, On the other hand, one dare not be content with one's life lest we become proud and smug. Progress and growth result from discontent with what we are and have. In spiritual riches we can be content. What more could we want than to have God as our Father and Jesus as our Savior?
2. Good Confession (vv. 12, 13). Paul refers to the "good confession" Timothy made. Bible scholars think the confession was made at his baptism, for in this period of church history, converts received adult baptism. If we were baptized as infants, the "good confession" was consciously made at Confirmation. Though it is not given in the passage, the "good confession" was probably the oldest and most basic confession of a convert: "Jesus Christ is Lord."
3. Immortality (v. 16). This verse claims that God is the only one who has "immortality." This is indeed true, for God by nature is immortal. He is from everlasting to everlasting. This is not the case with humans. It is a pagan philosophic idea that the soul of a human is inherently immortal. The Christian position is that by sin, by separation from God, the soul can die. In place of immortality Christians are given eternal life by faith in Christ.
Preaching Possibilities
A Preaching Problem
Since Christian preachers are ordained to preach the gospel, where is the gospel in today's lections? In Lesson 1 we are told that the locust plague is over and God will again bless his people with plenty and will send the Spirit prior to the end of the world. Lesson 2 urges us to seek spiritual values rather than material riches. In the gospel, Lazarus goes to heaven because he is poor and Dives goes to hell for not sharing with the poor on earth. To prevent going to hell we are to hear Moses and the prophets. How can we preach the gospel by using these lessons? To preach the gospel it will be necessary to interpret and use the passages in the light of Christ.
Gospel:
Luke 16:19-31.
1. Concern About the Unconcerned
Need: The root of the problem in the parable is how to get people like Dives to be concerned about the hungry, sick, and poor. The facts are there. Some have more than they need; others have only poverty. How can we get the rich to share with the poor? It does little good to describe Dives' wealth and Lazarus' plight. The need for this sermon is in motivating the affluent in the congregation to share with the less fortunate wherever they are.
Outline: How to get concerned
a. Fear the consequences of not caring - vv. 22-24. cf. Amos 6:7. Give or go to hell!
b. Love your brothers and sisters - v. 28. Consider all as brothers and sisters, especially those in need. Is it just if, in the world family, three are overfed and five are hungry?
c. Have a father-son/daughter relationship - vv. 24, 25. Dives refers to Abraham as his father and Abraham calls Dives "son." If God is our Father, we are his children. It is the Father's will that we care for the other members of his family.
d. Hear the Word - v. 31. The Word of God, the Bible - Law and Prophets - and the Incarnate Word in Jesus teach us to love one another by caring and sharing.
2. The Poverty of Abundance. 16:19-31
Need: In this parable we have a description of wealth and total depravity. This is a description of today's world. On the one hand is America's wealth giving us the highest standard of living in the history of the world. On the other hand, we have a third world of poverty and hunger. It could be that the so-called wealthy, either nation or individual, is really the poor man as was the case in the parable. Americans may be the richest on earth, but they can be suffering from the poverty of abundance.
Outline: Like Dives, you can be a poor rich man.
a. Dives had no name - v. 19. He was a nobody in spite of his wealth.
b. Dives had no concern for the poor - v. 20. He had no heart - no pity nor compassion.
c. Dives had no assets after death - v. 22. When he died, he left all behind.
d. Dives had no life - v. 23. He had nothing but torment and misery for eternity.
3. A Dialogue of the Dead. 16:19-31
Need: In the parable there is a unique conversation of the dead, Abraham and Dives. The dialogue tells us some important things about the dead. One is in hell and the other is in paradise. This dialogue can give us a perspective of eternity which can influence our earthly life.
Outline: What we learn from the dialogue of the dead.
a. The reality of a post-earthly existence - vv. 22-24. There is another world after death. It is an existence in heaven or hell. Moreover, like Abraham and Dives, people maintain their identity and recognize each other.
b. Hell is a hell of a place - vv. 22-24. Dives is in misery. He is suffering the fires of hell. He cries out for mercy, but none comes. Reason: a great gulf between the two which is uncrossable. The implication is: no repentance is possible after death.
c. The reason for going to hell - v. 25. Dives on earth had no concern for his needy fellowmen. This means he had no love for God or man. Hell is the place for the loveless, hard-hearted, and cruel.
d. Hell can be avoided - vv. 27-31. To cause us to repent and care for the poor depends not on a spectacular visitor from the dead but upon the Word of God. This gives another reason for the importance of church attendance where the Word is heard.
Lesson 1: Joel 2:23-30
1. You Can be Glad! 2:23-29
Need: Christians have reason to be the happiest people in the world. We can celebrate God's goodness toward us. God supplies our every need. Through Christ God made it possible for us to be forgiven. Through nature God continues year after year to give us the necessities of life. Since we have Christ, how much more than the people of Joel's day can we obey God's exhortation: "Be glad and rejoice"!
Outline: Rejoice in God, for -
a. God has given us abundant harvests - vv. 23-26
b. God is in our midst - v. 27
c. God promises to send his spirit on us all - vv. 28, 29
2. The Day Has Come! 2:28
Need: "It shall come to pass." The day has come to pass on Pentecost. It is celebrated as the day of the Spirit's coming to the church. This lection has a message for our people. It tells us two important truths about the Spirit our people need to hear. But for some the day may not yet have come. Let today be the day the promise is fulfilled.
Outline: What you need to know about the Spirit -
a. It is a gift - "I will pour out my spirit."
b. It is a gift for all - "upon all flesh."
Lesson 1: Amos 6:1-7
1. Eat, Drink, and Be Sorry!
Need: This lesson speaks to America's condition today. Like Israel of the eighth century B.C. , America is a people of ease, comfort, luxury, and affluence. It is a law of life that like causes produce like effects. America is in danger of the same fate as Israel: judgment, decline, and destruction. This sermon is needed to sound the alarm as a watchman in the night. Will America take heed?
Outline: Will History Repeat Itself?
a. Conditions of leisure and luxury - vv. 1-6a.
b. Unconcern for the future - v. 6b.
c. Warning of judgment - v. 7.
2. It Can 't Happen To Us! 6:3 - "O you who put far away the evil day."
Need: As a people today, we express our unconcern for the condition of the country as did the people in Amos' day. We refuse to see the eventual decline and doom resulting from our corrupt way of life. The view of many today is "While we have it, let's enjoy it. We may not have it tomorrow." We continue to waste energy in spite of the fact that the world's resources of oil and gas will someday be depleted. We squander and waste, ruin and ravage nature while we refuse to see the consequences for the next generation. The sermon is needed to show it can happen to us, and to persuade the people to change their ways before the day of grace is ended.
Outline: It can happen to us.
a. We have the same conditions - vv. 1-6
b. We have the same unconcern - v. 6b
c. We have the same threat - v. 7
Lesson 2: 1 Timothy 6:6-19.
1. Did You Know You Were Ordained? 6:11-14
Need: Few church members know that they were ordained as Christians at their baptism. Lesson 2 refers to Timothy's ordination at baptism and the implications resulting from it. All true Christians are ordained to minister. Clergymen/women are ordained to serve through the Word and Sacraments.
Outline: As a Christian you were ordained
a. To confess the faith - v. 12
b. To fight for the faith - v. 12
c. To live the faith - vv. 11, 14
2. What Is Your Aim in Life? 6:11-14
Need: Every pastor knows countless people who have no aim in life, no purpose, no reason for living. Others have low aim, such as the massing of worldly possessions. Some aim to make as much money as possible, own at least one home, get a higher education, or climb the ladder of success. What is the aim of a true Christian? Our text gives the answer.
Outline: A Christian's aim in life
a. Seek the highest values - v. 11
b. Fight for the faith - v. 12
c. Keep the commandments - v. 14
PROPER 22
October 2-8
Common
PENTECOST 20
Lutheran
ORDINARY TIME 27
Roman Catholic
The Lessons
Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
Though Israel is guilty of social injustices, Yahweh will be gracious to her if she seeks the Lord and loves good. Amos urges Israel to seek life by seeking the Lord, hating evil, loving good, and establishing justice. Because of their sins, they will experience the fire of judgment. Their sins are of a social nature: the wealthy oppress the poor, afflict the righteous, and accept bribes. Amos calls upon the nation to repent by turning from evil and turning to Yahweh. Then it may be that Yahweh will be gracious to forgive and grant life.
Habakkuk 1:2-3, 2:2-4
2 Timothy 1:1-14 (C)
2 Timothy 1:3-14 (L)
2 Timothy 1:6-8, 13-14 (RC)
In a world of adversity a righteous one lives by faith.
As Paul declares that he is not ashamed of the Gospel, he urges Timothy not to be ashamed to testify to Christ.
Most Biblical scholars are agreed that the pastoral letters were written by a friend of Paul in the Pauline School for the generation of Christians following the Apostles. The letters reflect the new situation. Now the Spirit is received at Ordination with the laying on of hands. It is important for the new generation of pastors to preserve the tradition and witness to the Gospel in their world. An appeal is made for "sound words" to counteract the heresies of the day. Persecution is beginning and leaders are challenged to suffer and not be ashamed to stand firm for the Gospel.
Luke 17:5-10 (C, RC)
Luke 17:1-10 (L)
The Apostles request more faith and Jesus teaches that duty does not call for gratitude.
The gospel lesson consists of apparently two unrelated parts: vv. 5-6 and vv. 7-10. The first part concerns the request of the Disciples for more faith. Jesus does not tell them how to increase their faith but describes the power of faith. The second part deals with the expression of faith in terms of good works or service. When out of faith we serve the Master, we do not merit or deserve thanks or any reward, because it is the duty of a slave to serve the master.
Prayer of the Day
"Our Lord Jesus, you have endured the doubts and foolish questions of every generation. Forgive us for trying to be judge over you and grant us the confident faith to acknowledge you as Lord."
Hymn of the Day
"O Jesus, I have Promised"
Theological Reflections
Gospel:
Luke 17:5-10
1. Increase (v. 5). The Disciples, like all of us, acknowledge that we have some faith and realize the need of more. We are like the father of the epileptic at the base of Mount Transfiguration when he said, "I believe; help my unbelief." We need to increase faith because faith has various ascending degrees: assent, trust, and action. Moreover, we cannot increase our faith, because it is not a human achievement but is a gift of the Spirit. Rightly, therefore, we need to request an increase in faith.
2. Obey (v. 6). When a command is given in faith, miracles like a tree removed from land to the sea, take place. Jesus is telling us about the power of faith. All things are possible to those who believe not in themselves but in God. It is not faith that does it but the God in whom we believe. Thus we sing, "Only believe."
3. Duty (v. 10). To thank a person for service rendered is not always appropriate according to this teaching of Jesus. Nor is it always appropriate for us to expect thanks for service rendered. A slave has the duty to obey and serve the master and the slave has no right to expect the master to prepare and serve a meal for him/her as a reward for obeying the command to work. Christians are slaves of the Master who has commanded us to work in his vineyard. We have no right to expect a reward or recognition for doing our duty. We should not expect to be thanked or given a dinner of appreciation for Christian service.
Lesson 1: Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
1. Seek (vv. 6, 14). Through Amos, Yahweh calls upon his people to seek the Lord and to seek good. This is one half of the story. We need not seek God, for he is not lost. People are lost and God, like a shepherd, seeks the lost sheep. While it is true that God seeks people, it is necessary at the same time for people to seek God. If they do not, God can be seeking humanity but people can reject and run away from God. To seek God is to want him. As the Bible says, "Draw nigh to God and he will draw nigh to you."
2. Live (vv. 6, 14). Yahweh wants people to seek him and good that they might live. Are they not living at the present time? Obviously Yahweh refers to a life beyond living. There is more to life than eating, drinking, and sleeping. Note that God wants his people to have life - the fulness of life, the abundant life. God is for us. He wants us to get the most out of life. He does not desire the death of a sinner. Christ said that he came to earth to give life.
3. May (v. 15). If the people turn from their evil ways and seek God and good, "it may be that the Lord ... will be gracious." It sounds as though Amos is holding out a provisional hope of forgiveness and reconciliation with God. Surely God is ready at all times to forgive. On the human side, there is a condition. God stands ready to forgive, but he cannot forgive until his people want and accept his mercy by repentance and faith.
Lesson 2: 2 Timothy 1:1-14
1. Remember (v. 3). There is much in the past that must never be forgotten. Those who forget the lessons of the past are doomed to repeat the mistakes. Paul is about to finish his ministry and he is writing to one in the early part of his ministry. Thus, Paul wants Timothy to remember as he remembers. Paul remembers Timothy in his prayers, Timothy's tears at their parting, and Timothy's faith. At the same time Paul wants Timothy to remember his ordination, the gospel story, and Paul's sound words of the gospel truth. There is so much to remember and it is so easy to forget.
2. Rekindle (v. 6). Paul asks Timothy to "rekindle" the gift he received at his ordination into the ministry. The gift received was the Holy Spirit. It was received by Paul's laying on of his hands. The fact is that the Holy Spirit like a fire can cool off and die out. As the Spirit can come, it can also go from us. The fire of the Spirit needs to be rekindled, renewed, and fed over and over. A fire must be fed or it will burn out. The Spirit may make us burn up with zeal but he will not cause burn-out.
3. Ashamed (vv. 8, 12).Again Paul uses himself as an example for his spiritual son, Timothy. He is not "ashamed" of the gospel because he had to suffer for it. He exhorts Timothy not to be ashamed because he, too, may suffer for the gospel. When all goes well, when we have success, when it gives us status and honor to be Christians, we are proud and glad to say we belong to and follow Christ. Would we feel the same if for being Christian, we are deprived of our property, our citizenship, and our well-being? Are we ashamed when we are in a non-Christian crowd to admit we go to church, or to pray publicly in Jesus' name, or to speak about Jesus?
Preaching Possibilities
Three Lessons
Amos 5:6-7, 10-15; 2 Timothy 1:1-14; Luke 17:5-10
Have Faith!
Need: The world wants to believe in something. It is a world of disillusionment - those we believe in have let us down. We once believed in a war to end war; we don't believe that now. Once we believed in automatic progress - we are getting better and better year after year; we don't believe this anymore. We believed once in our leaders and now we are disappointed in them: An American president and vice president were forced to resign for moral reasons. Can we believe in God and not be disillusioned?
Outline: The kind of faith we want -
a. A real faith - what happens when we lose faith - Lesson 1 (v. 12)
b. Keep the faith - Lesson 2 (v. 5)
c. Increase your faith - Gospel (v. 5)
Gospel:
Luke 17:5-10
1. What Faith Can Do for You. 17:5-10
Need: Faith is a practical thing in a Christian's daily life. Does the common man know this? Is faith for him only a creed? Could faith be something for preachers only? This sermon is to show the average person that faith is meaningful in the day-to-day life of a Christian. Note that this gospel lesson on faith is addressed to the Disciples, men of faith in Christ. Jesus is teaching them the implications or responsibilities of faith.
Outline: What faith can do for you -
a. Perform wonders in your life - vv. 3, 4
b. Motivate you to serve with no desire for reward - vv. 7-10
2. A Little is a Lot! 17:5-6
Need: Here is an eye-opener for some! Like the disciples, many of us are eager for a larger portion of faith - the faith to guide people aright, faith to forgive, faith to serve just for the privilege. As we face the tough issues of life, we cry out for more faith. No one can honestly say, "I have all the faith in the world." If we really have faith, do we need more? Jesus in this text corrects the disciples' desire for more faith. He says the quantity or degree of faith does not matter. It is sufficient just to have faith. The parable of the mustard seed emphasizes that the smallest amount of faith can do wonders. The admonition of this sermon is "Have faith," not "Have more faith."
Outline: A little faith is a lot.
a. The fact of faith - you do or you do not have faith - v. 5
b. The quantity of faith - more or less of faith is not the problem - v. 6a
c. The power of faith - faith of any size does wonders - v. 6b
3. A God of No Thank You. 17:7-10
Need: Our churches have many members who serve for rewards. Accidentally leave out a name of those to be thanked, and you are in trouble! We seem to want some "pay" for the service we render: recognition, thanks, publicity, praise. How many church members would serve if you told them "There will be no pay, no reward, not even thanks?" That is exactly what Jesus is teaching in this parable. What a disciple does deserves no praise or thanks, because this is what is expected of a Christian. It is his duty to serve. Recently Ann Landers made a trip to China. Upon her return, she told of the fine service rendered by various Chinese servants. When they were complimented, the Chinese replied, "We have only done what was our duty." Christian, what do you do more than others?
Outline: God gives no thanks for service rendered.
a. Whom do we serve - the Master? v. 7
b. Who are we - servants (slaves)? v. 9
c. What is our part - "our duty"? v. 10
Lesson 1: Amos 5:6-7, 10-15
1. You Can Go to Hell for Money! 5:10-15
Need: The love of money, Paul says, is the root of all evil. This love of money results in wickedness, and hell is the place for unrepentant sinners. The love of money causes people to steal, murder, cheat, lie, and accept bribes. According to this lection, God will bring doom upon this kind of society. (v. 6). Today's society is money-starved and crazy. This sermon, in the spirit of Amos, should thunder with the justice of God and appeal for social justice.
Outline: Love of money causes you to -
a. Hate the honest person - v. 10
b. Steal from the poor - v. 11
c. Accept bribes - v. 12
2. If You Want to Live. 5:6-7, 10-15
Need: Who doesn't want to live? God also wants you to live. It is a life that is more than physical breathing. It is a life of quality, purpose, and meaning. We are seekers after this kind of life. The text tells us how we can find it.
Outline: If you want to live -
a. Seek the Lord - v. 6
b. Love the good - v. 15
c. Accept God's mercy - v. 15
Lesson 1: Habakkuk 1:1-3, 2:1-4
1. Waiting for God or Godot?
Need: This lesson brings up the perennial problem: why does God permit evil to thrive in the world? When a Christian cries for help in distress, why does he not get an immediate answer? Why doesn't God do something about what Habbakuk experienced? - "violence," "wrongs," "trouble," "destruction," "strife and contention." The answer Habbakuk received: Wait for the Lord and he shall bring it to pass. The righteous waits for God to make things right, to come to the rescue because he has faith in God's character. The world seems to be waiting for Godot who, in the play, never comes. Christians by faith know God is coming eventually to save. We need faith to wait for God.
Outline: Why we wait for God.
a. Because God promised he would come
b. Because God is faithful to his people
c. Because we trust in God
2. God can be Trusted. 1:2-3, 2:2-4
Need: A Christian has at least one absolute. He believes that God can be trusted. It is doubtful if any other person can be trusted. A true Christian learns that God is trustworthy from his own life's experiences. In a world where we no longer trust governmental leaders, corporations' advertising, and even the loyalty of friends, we need to be assured that God can be trusted. This was the lesson Habbakuk learned in our text.
Outline: God can be trusted.
a. Though God is silent to our pleas - vv. 1:2-3
b. To deliver us from the world's worst - vv. 2:2-4
Lesson 2: 2 Timothy 1:1-14
Possible Sermon Series on 2 Timothy
Today and for the next three Sundays the Second Lesson will be taken from 2 Timothy. It gives a preacher an opportunity to preach a book sermon.
Theme: Questions Answered for You
Pentecost 20 - 2 Timothy 1:1-14 - Ashamed of the Gospel?
Pentecost 21 - 2 Timothy 2:8-15 - What is Your Gospel?
Pentecost 22 - 2 Timothy 3:14--14:5 - What Good is the Bible?
Pentecost 23 - 2 Timothy 4:6-8, 16-18 - Will You Wear a Crown?
1. Keep the Faith! 1:3-4
Need: We may not be able to fall from grace but surely we can lose the faith. It happens every day. The loss of faith is seen in a decline in church membership, a fall-off of church attendance, in the popularity of radical sects, and the secularization of society. According to scholars 2 Timothy was written one or two generations after Paul when faith became traditional and zeal burned low. This sermon is needed to stir up faith in Christ in our time, to make it come alive again as a force for good in church and world. As we go through life and as the years pass, we need to be exhorted to keep the faith vibrant.
Outline: Keep the faith -
a. Continue the faith of your forefathers - v. 5
b. Hold fast to your faith in times of suffering - v. 8
c. Guard the faith from false teachers - vv. 13, 14
2. Measuring Up to God's Expectations. 1:3-14
Need: "How can I measure up to what is expected of me? The demands of being a Christian are more than I can handle." In reply to this general comment, God does not expect more of us than we can do or have. To whom much or little is given much or little is required. In this text we may feel frustrated when we see what Christians ought to be and do, but we need to see also what God has given us that we can fulfill his expectations.
Outline: To whom much is given and required -
a. What we have going for us -
1. Paul's confidence - v. 4
2. Family background of faith - v. 5
3. Gift of the Spirit at ordination - v. 6
b. What is expected of us -
1. Rekindle the Spirit - v. 6
2. Overcome timidity with courage - v. 7
3. Suffer for Christ - v. 8
4. Guard the truth - v. 14
