Emphasis Preaching Journal
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Illustration
In their book Metaphors We Live By, authors George Lakoff and Mark Johnson describe orientational metaphors that focus in part on physical, spatial relationships. "Up" is a positive direction and related to being happy (as in "I feel up today" and "I'm in high spirits"); "down" is a negative direction and related to sad (as in "I feel down in the dumps today" and "My spirits sank when I heard the news").

